烟草原生质体再生植株的影响因子

原生质体培养和植株再生技术是植物生物工程的基础，植物原生质体的来源、酶解的条件、培养基的组成、培养方法等对原生质体的培养有很大的影响。本文着重对影响烟草原生质体培养再生植株的相关因素进行了综合论述，并讨论了原生质体培养技术在植物育种上的应用潜力。     

Effects of D-genome chromosomes on crossability of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) with maize

With the aim of producing polyhaploids of hexaploid triticale, 20 genotypes from a CIMMYT breeding programme and eight D-genome chromosome substitution lines of ‘Rhino’ were crossed with maize. In crosses between 20 triticale genotypes and maize, 15 lines produced embryos. Frequencies of embryo formation ranged from 0.0 to 5.4%, with an average of 1.1%. From a total of 200 pollinated spikes, 62 plants were regenerated. Most regenerated plants were polyhaploids with 21 chromosomes, and few aneuhaploids with 22 chromosomes were found. In crosses of triticale substitution lines with maize, all the lines produced embryos, while ‘Rhino’ produced no embryos at all. Higher frequencies of embryo formation were obtained in substitution lines with chromosomes 2D and 4D. These results suggest that D-genome chromosomes in a triticale genetic background have the effect of increasing the frequency of polyhaploid production in triticale x maize crosses.     

Introgression of in vitro regeneration capability of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Mill. into recalcitrant tomato cultivars

The goal of this research was to study the introgression of the high regeneration capacity of Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium Mill line WV-700, in recalcitrant tomato cultivars (L. esculentum Mill cvs. Petomech, Santa Rita and VFN-8) using backcrossing. Hypocotyl explants of in vitro germinated seeds were cultivated in half strength MS medium supplemented with 5mg/l 6-BA to assess their shoot regeneration capacity. The apical shoot of the in vitro germinated seeds were cultured on a separate medium. Apical shoots from genotypes showing high regeneration rates were acclimated in a glasshouse and used as pollen donors for the next backcrossing. After four backcrossings, the material showed a similar mean fruit weight for the cultivated tomato and a high regeneration capacity similar to the wild species. It is shown that L. pimpinellifolium can be used with success as donor parent to introgress in vitro regeneration capacity to recalcitrant tomato cultivars. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Intra-varietal variation for in vitro plant regeneration in the genus Trifolium

Summary Seedlings of Trifolium repens showed considerable variation with regard to the morphology and growth of their calli, and their ability for in vitro differentiation of shoots. One of the lines selected for regeneration in primary callus cultures also showed shoot formation from protoplasts. Somatic embryogenesis in callus cultures of T. pratense and T. arvense occurred only in selected seedling lines. This paper highlights the importance of screening a large number of plants within a cultivar of outbreeding species to achieve reproducible plant regeneration from tissue culture.     

铁皮石斛人工繁育技术

以铁皮石斛商品瓶苗和盆栽苗茎段为试材,添加不同浓度6-BA、NAA,诱导茎段腋芽、原球茎和不定根,建立再生体系,快速繁殖铁皮石斛组培苗,以期为秦岭淮河一线以北地区人工繁殖铁皮石斛提供参考依据。结果表明:外植体宜采用70%酒精浸泡20 s,0.1%升汞浸泡8 min消毒;MS+6-BA 3.0~5.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.1~1.0 mg·L^-1适合腋芽分化和增殖,分化率92%~100%;1/2MS+6-BA 2.0 mg·L^-1+NAA 0.5 mg·L^-1+土豆泥15%适合原球茎诱导增殖,增殖倍数7.7;1/2MS+NAA 0.3 mg·L^-1生根率为100%;以松针土移栽,成活率83%。     

沙棘组织培养与植株再生研究

将不同沙棘品种顶端分生组织接种于不同激素浓度的培养基上进行培养，试验结果表明，沙棘顶端分生组织的生长不仅需要低无机盐的培养基，而且需要较低水平的激素物质，无激素或激素浓度偏高都将导致外植体的死亡。     

三角梅两种植株再生途径丛生芽增殖比较研究

以紫花三角梅和紫红重瓣三角梅为外植体,进行丛生芽增殖比较研究,以期筛选出丛生芽诱导和增殖的最佳培养基。结果表明:愈伤组织丛生芽增殖最佳培养基为MS+BA2.0mg/L（2.5mg/L）+IBA 0.2mg/L+GA₃1.0mg/L,增殖系数达7.7以上;侧芽途径丛生芽的增殖最佳培养基为MS+BA 3.0mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L,增殖系数达4.0以上。考虑生产成本和生产周期,侧芽途径优于愈伤组织途径。     

新疆甜瓜高效再生体系的建立及NPR1/HRP双价抗病基因转化

以厚皮甜瓜5d龄无菌苗子叶为外植体,MS和1/2MS为基本培养基,研究了添加6-BA、IAA和卡那霉素不同浓度,进行甜瓜再生体系与根癌农杆菌介导的转化体系的建立。结果表明:甜瓜子叶最适宜的不定芽分化培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0mg/L+IAA 0.3mg/L,芽伸长培养基为MS+6-BA 0.75mg/L+IAA 0.3mg/L,生根培养基为1/2MS+IAA 0.3mg/L,适宜的转化条件为外植体预培养48h,农杆菌菌液浓度为OD₆₀₀=0.3～0.4,侵染时间为15min,22℃暗培养48～55h。经75mg/L的卡那霉素筛选,共获得再生甜瓜幼苗21株,其中8棵经PCR鉴定证明NPR1/HRP双价抗病基因已经整合到甜瓜基因组中,即转化率为38%。     

紫叶稠李叶片离体培养再生植株

以紫叶稠李为试材,采用组织培养方法,研究不同激素对其试管苗不定芽诱导、不定芽生根及成苗影响。结果表明:叶片切块可诱导产生大量的不定芽,MS附加0.5mg/L BA和0.01mg/L NAA的培养基不定芽诱导率为50.1%;利用植物激素0.5mg/L BA,0.5mg/LNAA,0.5mg/L KT和0.2mg/L IBA的组合,不定芽可多次继代培养增殖;不定芽在附加0.4mg/L IBA的MS培养基上生根,生根率为67%。该试验结果说明,紫叶稠李试管苗叶片可作为外植体离体培养获得再生植株,BA是主要的调控植物激素,IBA对生根有一定促进作用。     

苹果体细胞悬浮培养及植株再生研究

以苹果试管苗叶片的再生不定芽嫩叶为试材,对苹果体细胞悬浮系的建立及植株再生的影响因素进行了研究.结果表明:在MS+NAA 0.5 mg/L+BA 2.0 mg/L培养基上可诱导获得高活力的愈伤组织.将该愈伤组织转入MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L液体培养基中培养,采用无菌筛网分离获得含单个细胞和少于8～10个细胞的小细胞团进行继代培养,建立体悬浮细胞培养系.将悬浮细胞转到MS+2,4-D 2.0 mg/L+BA 1.0 mg/L的固体增殖培养基上暗培养25 d后,可形成微型愈伤组织,将该愈伤组织转到MS+BA 5.0 mg/L+IAA 0.5 mg/L的植株再生培养基上暗培养30 d后转入光下,光照培养30 d后53％的愈伤组织可再生植株.该研究建立的苹果体细胞悬浮培养技术,不仅可用于细胞融合及遗传转化过程中杂种细胞和转化细胞的分离及植株再生研究,而且对于利用组织培养技术筛选变异株系也具有重要意义.